|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 11:42:25 GMT
Well no takers so far on a definition for ethnicity and ethnic group, although Sandy alludes to one a few posts earlier by reference to a decision by the Law Lords 'a long time ago'. I believe he refers to the 1983 case of Mandla vs Dowell-Lee, more popularly known as The Case of the Sikh Schoolboy's Turban. While defined primarily in legalistic terms rather than scientific this decision and the resulting definition has had profound influence on how matters of race and ethnicity are treated in British law. Mandla vs Dowell-Lee sets out two mandatory requirements for recognition as an ethnic group, as well as several ‘optional’ characteristics which may be taken into consideration by the courts when assessing whether a particular population group qualifies for ethnic group status. Subsequent case law has bestowed that status on several minority groups including Jews, Sikhs and Roma. So far the English have not been tested against the legal criteria but if they were how would they match up against those criteria? Taking first the two mandatory requirements. (1) a long shared history; an embarassment of riches here, but just to select a few at random: The Danelaw, the Conquest, Magna Carta, Chaucer, Agincourt, the Armada, the Bill of Rights, the long lineage of kings and queens, the World Cup 1966 etc etc and so on; (2) a cultural tradition of its own; again, far too much to list. Even the highlights would require several pages. I recommend chapter 9 of Roger Scruton’s England, an Elegy for a tour de horizon of English culture and its salient high-points in literature, philosophy, art and science. It would seem then that, for the English, qualifying for ethnic group status according to their Lordships’ criteria is something of a slam dunk. But what about the other, ‘optional’ characteristics? (3) either a common geographical origin, or descent from a small number of common ancestors; the English are a people of Indo-European origins and a great majority of the population today stem from three migrations from the continent, all of common genetic ‘stock’ but differentiated by language and to a lesser extent, culture. The first stream arrived in the Neolithic and are often referred to (erroneously) as Celts. The second stream, the Anglo-Saxons, began to arrive in the fourth century AD. A third group, Danish ‘Vikings’ began to arrive in the early ninth century followed by Norse Vikings a few decades later. By the end of the 9th century then, the genetic profile of England had become fixed. None of the later wavelets of immigration, whether Normans, Flemish weavers or Huguenots added anything new to the genetic mix. I might note also that neither has the post-famine Irish diaspora.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reported that in AD 886, King Alfred had occupied London and that 'all the English people ( Angelcynn) who were not under subjection to the Danes had through their own kings, submitted to him’. His son and grandson, Edward and Aethelstan subdued the Danelaw and drove the Vikings out of Northumbria, the latter establishing the Kingdom of England and proclaiming himself as king of all the English in AD 927. The original populations had thus coalesced into a nation by the early tenth century and the story of England and the English really began. (4) a common language, not necessarily peculiar to the group; Hardly needs saying, but ‘English’ (5) a common literature peculiar to the group; It would be redundant to introduce another laundry list here, so I’ll just include a quote from Scruton: “It is possible that no people on earth, apart from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews, has built such a monument to itself in literature [as the English have done]” (6) a common religion different from that of neighbouring groups or from the general community surrounding it; This is perhaps the weakest point since England has always been a part of Western Christendom. Around 500 years ago it left the ‘mainstream’ during the Protestant Reformation and the Church of England was born. If religion is seen as a principal characteristic of the Sikhs as an ethnic group then it should be remembered that Sikhism (the religion) is scarcely older than the C of E and Anglicanism. (7) being a minority or being an oppressed or a dominant group within a larger community. Even during the Imperial interlude the English have always been the dominant group within the larger community of England and then the United Kingdom. Nowadays, however, the ongoing process of devolution makes it likely that England will once again become a stand-alone entity, but whether or not the English remain the dominant group depends, in large part, upon how the demographic transformation which is now underway plays out. It that ends badly, then the English may well become an oppressed minority just as they were an oppressed majority after the Conquest. Either way, their status as an ethnic group seems assured on this criterion. Having said all that, are there any dissenters to either the definition or the conclusion that the English conform to it and are correctly described as an ethnic group? Interesting thread. I see some people have great difficulty with nationality , identity and ethnicity. The English are of course an ethnic group , a people , a nation and are readily identifiable worldwide. If the English don't meet the criteria of being an ethnic group....nation and people then those terms are completely meaningless. Don't understand this quote dan. The first groups of humans began arriving in what is now England at the end of the last ice age. No one knows who these people were , or what language and culture they had , but they weren't Celts. Who erroneously refers to them as Celtic? Neolithic period ended in these islands roughly 2000 bc , and the Celtic age ( there is of course some debate about this) began 1000 bc , so at best , the arrival of the Celts marked the end of the neolithic period. Neither the neolithic people , nor the Celtic people , were English. Celtic is a linguistic term , which first arose thousands of years ago when the mediterraneans , particularly the romans and greeks , first encountered these people north of the alps and in Iberia. These people shared common languages and culture , from Iberia and these islands in the west , to turkey in the east. So today , the comparison would be that the Scottish for example are a Celtic people in terms of our heritage native language and culture , and the English a germanic people. The erroneous bit about the Celts of these islands is a red herring based on the fact that we Scots Irish and welsh never called ourselves Celts. It was the 16th century welsh historian Edward lhuyd who first noticed the similarity between our native languages and cultures and those of the Celts of antiquity. That doesn't mean we aren't Celts in linguistic terms because we didn't use the term historically. Neither did the Danes call themselves vikings , or the germanic English anglo and Saxon.........all modern terms based on cherry picked pieces of history. The ancestors of the English began to arrive from angeln and Saxony in the mid 5th century at the earliest dan . How so? The genetic profile of a country is always in a state of change surely? Of course you also don't need a mass change in people to fundamentally alter the character of a nation. For example , take the effect the Norman French had on England and the entirety of these islands. In 1066 and the aftermath , the Norman French made up less than 1 % of the population of England , which itself had roughly 40% of the population of these islands. within 300 years , the English language and culture had been so fundamentally changed as to be literally unrecognisable to the native English. Eh? How so? You seem to want to selectively cherry pick some pure English stock to look up to in the dark ages , while ignoring all the rest up to the modern age. Alfred was never king of the English. At one point , his kingdom was a swamp in Somerset , at best , he was king of Wessex. His claim to fame was he was the first saxon to have the vision of a united England , which his grandson Athelstan was to later achieve in 937 with the great battle of brunanburgh , the battle that was supposed to have established England. the anglo saxon chronicle is good for some information , but much of it is of course bullshit. For example the writers were always quick to praise English warlords and kings on their great victories , but remained silent on pain of death when they were defeated in battle. Athelstan as well as being famous as Englands first king , was also famous for being vehemently anti British. It was famously written that Athelstan drove the filthy British race out of the town of Exeter (and possibly rest of Devon) and cleansed the town of its defilement by the British. Later he passed laws that no anglo saxon was to marry a briton , and no briton could own land in England. yet today many of your countrymen have romantic ideas of the British , and forget all these ancient tales of their countries making such are the modern fables of britishness that have been bred into them In the modern era. You are right historically , but I'm not sure in this increasingly mono lingual world that language is really now a large identifier of national or ethnic identity as it once was. 99% of the worlds English speakers aren't English and don't live in England or even these islands. still , a common language is a sore point for the brits as the British don't have a common shared native language . you can quote who you like , but the English language and literature is famous for borrowing. fair point to a degree. just as there is a church of scotland , there is a church of england , but no church of that mythical country Britain. Not sure that is true. It took five hundred years for the anglo saxons to carve out the country we now know as England (for comparison the germanic franks overran much of gaul in 50 years) for a good two hundred years the Danes were a dominant group within England , and then the native English lost that domination after the Norman conquest. for three hundred years the French ruled England , with Geoffrey Chaucer ( of French extraction himself) or people like the 14th century English chronicler ranulph higden famously writing in the polychronicon that Englishmen were essentially slaves in their own lands who had to drop the English language and speak French to get good jobs , positions , and be better thought of in English society . English in historical terms were a minority population in these islands rather than the dominant force in terms of sheer numbers prior to the early 19th century. good thread though , I bet your English nationalistic story telling won't be popular with the resident British though.
|
|
|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 11:53:42 GMT
Your national identity (nationality) is British (UK) (I assume). Nobody has contended that Until Thomas and the snats get involve .😁 well aye ben ee , I contend with it. There seems this strange modern belief that national identity is dependent on a piece of paper such as a travel document. The majority of the world's population don't have a passport. Are we staying they therefore don't have a nationality ? Of course not. Further , as I ve said many a time , I have three pieces of paper , birth certificate , marriage certificate , and a travel document , two tell me I'm Scottish , one says I'm British. Further , the one nation British nationality is of course a modern invention. Up till 1948 , anyone in the British empire , wether in africa , Asia or wether or not they had ever set foot in these islands or spoke English were British subjects , citizens or nationals via a passport.
|
|
|
Post by piglet on Dec 4, 2023 11:57:07 GMT
I havent got time to read all the pages, but not having any anglo saxon or celtic dna, and having grown up in a european family in england, in a foreign communnity in england, i can assure you that if i were in Italy Germany, Russia, anywhere, i could spot an englishman in a moment, and when they speak.....
The english are distictly different and have a seperate identity. Why is it that Britain opposed Hitler, or why have they done what they have done throughout history? They have a different mind set, values, frame of reference etc.
|
|
|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 12:06:33 GMT
I havent got time to read all the pages, but not having any anglo saxon or celtic dna, and having grown up in a european family in england, in a foreign communnity in england, i can assure you that if i were in Italy Germany, Russia, anywhere, i could spot an englishman in a moment, and when they speak..... The english are distictly different and have a seperate identity. Why is it that Britain opposed Hitler, or why have they done what they have done throughout history? They have a different mind set, values, frame of reference etc. What's opposing hitler got to do with the subject at hand? Many countries that aren't England opposed hitler. You then go onto conflate England and Britain. England is a little country that makes up 40 % of the land of these islands , and historically had a minority of the population until around 1800. The English have been at war incessantly with their neighbours , both in these islands (1300 years of non stop warfare with us Scots) and with the europeans. We Scots are europeans who have been in the side of Europe for centuries. Our alliance with France is one of the oldest In the world , and our kinship with Ireland and Wales goes back 3000 years. We have links with Norway , the low countries and Germany.
|
|
|
Post by bancroft on Dec 4, 2023 12:25:02 GMT
HH: "I'm not English simply because I was born in England, I'm English because I was also raised in England, talk with an English accent and am culturally English."
David Lammy makes much the same statements in support of his claim on an English identity. Do you support his claim? No perhaps Afro-Carribean English yet not ethnically English would be my take.
|
|
|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 12:43:14 GMT
That might be a first then, but you might find thomas is very good at pointing out history from his Scottish nationalist persona and will always have the same answer. Well it was obvious that Tammy & Co wouldn’t agree with..Orac.. “Your national identity (nationality) is British (UK) (I assume). Nobody has contended that” 😁 I have contended with it. The famous British national identity has went from being the citizenship of empire , to the citizenship of what's left of empire. I have the same passport as someone on the southern tip of Iberia who has never set foot in Britain. national identity and a travel document are often two different things . The yookay must be the only *country* that doesn't even issue birth certificates. My national identity is of course something I merely whisper , don't have to shout about , and certainly isn't so flimsy it relys on a travel document. Won't be long now till sir Keri reissues you with your European nationality travel document ,I promise ben e I will try not to laugh. Listen to dan dare , he will keep you right on how national identity is forged over centuries of shared myths legends and culture.
|
|
|
Post by Vanna on Dec 4, 2023 13:17:58 GMT
I havent got time to read all the pages, but not having any anglo saxon or celtic dna, and having grown up in a european family in england, in a foreign communnity in england, i can assure you that if i were in Italy Germany, Russia, anywhere, i could spot an englishman in a moment, and when they speak..... The english are distictly different and have a seperate identity. Why is it that Britain opposed Hitler, or why have they done what they have done throughout history? They have a different mind set, values, frame of reference etc. Thank you, piglet.
|
|
|
Post by sandypine on Dec 4, 2023 13:32:46 GMT
I have said, repeatedly, that Ethnicity and Nationality are not the same. It is best not to confuse the two although it often is. British is the legal Nationality. If we are referring to ethnicity, and we are, that is complicated by many factors. One poster on here a few months past insisted that the Rotherham groomers were all English which indeed with your definition they were but they were also ethnic minorities which complicates the issue further, so if they were ethnic minorities there has to be an ethnic majority. If one regards oneself as incapable of being discriminated against by the ethnic majority (the English) then there would be little argument that you were English. If some one as an example Bill Smith said well I do not like you Micks and you are not getting the job then if that makes you feel discriminated against then you are an ethnic minority even if it is just on your name which I assume is Irish based. You said yourself ethnicity and nationality are not the same thing. You can be ethnically English but culturally French as in the hypothetical example I gave earlier and vice versa. Let's say I was in the pub with a group of Scottish people and someone said "go and ask the English bloke" who do you think people would approach? My next door neighbour is Scottish but speaks with a Northamptonshire accent, he would be quite affronted if I said he was English. It is not an easy issue I am not saying it is and it has been complicated because an almost free for all on immigration has been in operation for quite some time. Speaking with any accent is not a precursor for deciding ethnicity. I spent 20 years in Hampshire and although I still sounded Scottish down there I did not sound Scottish back in Scotland. I fink these fings appen especially t' die. No on your first sentence ethnicity does not depend on anything other than joint acceptance by the individual and the group, certainly in law. However to repeat if an English employer did not wish to employ you because he thought you were Irish and said so, you could take him to court and win which places you as an ethnic minority as the law includes ethnic origins. Of course your ethnic origins are different than English ethnic origins and I think that is the only point that was made in that being English, as an ethnic group, deserves the same respect as being anything else as an ethnic group and it appears to be denigrated as a matter of public policy. You are quite affronted that you cannot be both Irish heritage and English but then that excludes those from the same consideration as you those who are English of English heritage.
|
|
|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 14:54:12 GMT
You said yourself ethnicity and nationality are not the same thing. You can be ethnically English but culturally French as in the hypothetical example I gave earlier and vice versa. Let's say I was in the pub with a group of Scottish people and someone said "go and ask the English bloke" who do you think people would approach? My next door neighbour is Scottish but speaks with a Northamptonshire accent, he would be quite affronted if I said he was English. It is not an easy issue I am not saying it is and it has been complicated because an almost free for all on immigration has been in operation for quite some time. Speaking with any accent is not a precursor for deciding ethnicity. I spent 20 years in Hampshire and although I still sounded Scottish down there I did not sound Scottish back in Scotland. I fink these fings appen especially t' die. No on your first sentence ethnicity does not depend on anything other than joint acceptance by the individual and the group, certainly in law. However to repeat if an English employer did not wish to employ you because he thought you were Irish and said so, you could take him to court and win which places you as an ethnic minority as the law includes ethnic origins. Of course your ethnic origins are different than English ethnic origins and I think that is the only point that was made in that being English, as an ethnic group, deserves the same respect as being anything else as an ethnic group and it appears to be denigrated as a matter of public policy. You are quite affronted that you cannot be both Irish heritage and English but then that excludes those from the same consideration as you those who are English of English heritage. what do you mean sounded Scottish sandy? The first time I ever heard a boy from rural Aberdeenshire speak in his countryside doric , I couldn't understand a thing he said to me.conversely , I can easily understand a Geordie. As you know , there are many varied and differing Scottish accents , vastly different , from the teuchters up north , to the chavvies in Edinburgh , from the borders over to galloway , from the west central belt to the kingdom of fife. I'm hoping to be in pubs in munich, stuttgart and cologne next summer , and of course the germans will have little difficulty picking out us Scots from the English. We are easily identifiable , as Scottish culture and emblems are world wide renowned , mixing with our fellow europeans while benny and dan dare will be easily identifiable in their English morris dancing costumes throwing chairs at old German ladies while singing two world wars and one World Cup.
|
|
|
Post by Dan Dare on Dec 4, 2023 15:14:48 GMT
I’ll be responding later in more detail to Tommo’s post to correct some misunderstandings and a couple of questionable minor historical claims, but would first like to note that it’s taken a native from north of the border to unequivocably state with no ifs or buts that the English are an ethnic group. He puts to shame those ostensibly English persons who have appeared on this thread and quibbled about whether or not the English deserve that status and would appear to prefer a more ‘inclusive’ definition in order that others with little or no claim to Englishness can lay claim to our identity. I call them the proto-Quislings - they know who they are.
|
|
|
Post by sandypine on Dec 4, 2023 15:22:50 GMT
My next door neighbour is Scottish but speaks with a Northamptonshire accent, he would be quite affronted if I said he was English. It is not an easy issue I am not saying it is and it has been complicated because an almost free for all on immigration has been in operation for quite some time. Speaking with any accent is not a precursor for deciding ethnicity. I spent 20 years in Hampshire and although I still sounded Scottish down there I did not sound Scottish back in Scotland. I fink these fings appen especially t' die. No on your first sentence ethnicity does not depend on anything other than joint acceptance by the individual and the group, certainly in law. However to repeat if an English employer did not wish to employ you because he thought you were Irish and said so, you could take him to court and win which places you as an ethnic minority as the law includes ethnic origins. Of course your ethnic origins are different than English ethnic origins and I think that is the only point that was made in that being English, as an ethnic group, deserves the same respect as being anything else as an ethnic group and it appears to be denigrated as a matter of public policy. You are quite affronted that you cannot be both Irish heritage and English but then that excludes those from the same consideration as you those who are English of English heritage. what do you mean sounded Scottish sandy? The first time I ever heard a boy from rural Aberdeenshire speak in his countryside doric , I couldn't understand a thing he said to me.conversely , I can easily understand a Geordie. As you know , there are many varied and differing Scottish accents , vastly different , from the teuchters up north , to the chavvies in Edinburgh , from the borders over to galloway , from the west central belt to the kingdom of fife. I'm hoping to be in pubs in munich, stuttgart and cologne next summer , and of course the germans will have little difficulty picking out us Scots from the English. We are easily identifiable , as Scottish culture and emblems are world wide renowned , mixing with our fellow europeans while Bentley and dan dare will be easily identifiable in their English morris dancing costumes throwing chairs at old German ladies while singing two world wars and one World Cup. Well even strangers still called me Jock on occasion in Hampshire. So my accent down there was Scottish, my accent in Scotland, certainly initially, was at best Cosmopolitan but closer to Hampshire and I had to really put an effort in to avoid the f instead of the th on occasion. Having spent a year in Northumberland I understood Geordie pretty well but good not follow broad Northumbrian even as far south as Bedlington. My wife always knew when I had been working with Scots, my vowels changed and I speeded up. My accent is closer Edinburgh having spent two years there but my brother spent 4 years an Glasgow uni and has a much thicker West coast accent. To those dahn souf most Jocks sound the same and that is large unintelligible unless you slow down.
|
|
|
Post by thomas on Dec 4, 2023 15:23:16 GMT
I’ll be responding later in more detail to Tommo’s post to correct some misunderstandings and a couple of questionable minor historical claims, but would first like to note that it’s taken a native from north of the border to unequivocably state with no ifs or buts that the English are an ethnic group. He puts to shame those ostensibly English persons who have appeared on this thread and quibbled about whether or not the English deserve that status and would appear to prefer a more ‘inclusive’ definition in order that others with little or no claim to Englishness can lay claim to our identity. I call them the proto-Quislings - they know who they are. thanks dan. I always love it when the sassunachs try and get to grip with their faux history and confusion as to whether the English are an ethnic group , or are they British and correct us lesser mortals on what's what in the empire. As I said earlier , if the English , one of the worlds foremost recognisable people , and ancient nations , aren't an ethnic group then the term doesn't haven meaning. I think you will find its your fellow labour supporting countrymen who don't like the English. If the English rediscover their identity , its game over for the brits . The thread clearly shows it's the British who aren't a nation , or ethnic group. The British are a made up fantasy , by the London elite. Im the biggest English nationalist on this forum Danny boy. The tartan army is getting the singing practice in reading no surrender to the EU. If wee Rishi holds an election , and keir wins in the early part of next year , the stars might align just in time for the euros and welcoming englandshire back into the EU . Be sure every stadium in Germany will be giving you a rousing chorus.. anyway Danny boy , in your good time...........
|
|
|
Post by dappy on Dec 4, 2023 15:25:02 GMT
I can't say I have read every page of this thread Dan so forgive me if I have missed anything.
It feels like you are seeking to use the unusual constitutional position of the islands we (well most of us....) live in to create some sort of differential between English and British, exclude many British people (particularly if they have black skin) from your definition of Englishness and then seek to assign moral or legal rights to those you define as English. Reasonable summary?
|
|
|
Post by sandypine on Dec 4, 2023 15:27:12 GMT
I’ll be responding later in more detail to Tommo’s post to correct some misunderstandings and a couple of questionable minor historical claims, but would first like to note that it’s taken a native from north of the border to unequivocably state with no ifs or buts that the English are an ethnic group. He puts to shame those ostensibly English persons who have appeared on this thread and quibbled about whether or not the English deserve that status and would appear to prefer a more ‘inclusive’ definition in order that others with little or no claim to Englishness can lay claim to our identity. I call them the proto-Quislings - they know who they are. I take issue Dan, I have placed the ethnic English as a distinct and clear group. There are differences in law and perception but I have no problems with defining the ethnic English as the English and I am from North of the border.
|
|
|
Post by Dan Dare on Dec 4, 2023 15:33:13 GMT
I didn't include you in the 'ostensibly English' category Sandy. I'm taking aim at those who are prepared to share their own English heritage and identity - which they are at pains to deprecate anyway - with any and all who turn up demanding to share it. Even David Lammy, apparently.
|
|