Electric cars doing well.

CATL has been dedicated to the research and development of sodium-ion battery electrode materials for many years. In terms of cathode materials, CATL has applied Prussian white material with a higher specific capacity and redesigned the bulk structure of the material by rearranging the electrons, which solved the worldwide problem of rapid capacity fading upon material cycling. In terms of anode materials, CATL has developed a hard carbon material that features a unique porous structure, which enables the abundant storage and fast movement of sodium ions, and also an outstanding cycle performance.


Based on a series of innovations in the chemistry system, CATL’s first generation of sodium-ion batteries has the advantages of high-energy density, fast-charging capability, excellent thermal stability, great low-temperature performance and high-integration efficiency, among others. The energy density of CATL’s sodium-ion battery cell can achieve up to 160Wh/kg, and the battery can charge in 15 minutes to 80% SOC at room temperature. Moreover, in a low-temperature environment of -20°C, the sodium-ion battery has a capacity retention rate of more than 90%, and its system integration efficiency can reach more than 80%. The sodium-ion batteries’ thermal stability exceeds the national safety requirements for traction batteries. The first generation of sodium-ion batteries can be used in various transportation electrification scenarios, especially in regions with extremely low temperatures, where its outstanding advantages become obvious. Also, it can be flexibly adapted to the application needs of all scenarios in the energy storage field.

9.7.1.3 Sodium–nickel chloride battery

Sodium–nickel chloride batteries otherwise called ZEBRA batteries are high-temperature gadget, which works at typical temperature scope of 270°C–350°C. Its cell development contains sodium and nickel chloride electrodes, isolated by a beta-alumina electrolyte, which can conduct sodium particles yet not electrons. Creator depicts the working principle guideline, performance, production, and uses of sodium–nickel chloride battery (Sudworth, 2001). This kind of batteries is little and light, quick reaction, strength to full discharge, and a high vitality density. Its disadvantages incorporate its significant expense and self-discharge. As of not long ago, the innovation has for the most part been utilized in electric vehicles and submarines (Osaka & Datta, 2000). Although this electrochemistry has been broadly evolved and approved for electric vehicles and submarine use, it stays in its earliest stages in power utility applications. A few creators predict an extraordinary potential for these devices related to discontinuous sustainable power source (Connoly & Leahy, 2007).