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Post by Orac on Oct 5, 2023 8:52:23 GMT
It's a reasonable idea but it can't be supported. 1. Sometimes the police publish the name of a suspect and encourage others to come forward if they have been victims. This can lead to false accusations, especially if the suspect is a rich celebrity, such as Rolf Harris. 2. People are entitled to have a fair trial, even people with previous convictions cannot have them mentioned in court, (exceptions, I know). Introducing similar complaints may prove a modus operandi, especially if it is a particularly unusual method. steppenwolf - you could explain how this is good for justice for rape victims AND fair to any suspect, who may be innocent. On point 2. I can see why previous convictions might be reasonably counted as a kind of character witness, but not accusations. On its own, an accusation means nothing at all.
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Post by patman post on Oct 5, 2023 12:13:21 GMT
If there are several allegations, aren't some held back while others are taken forward to prosecution? That way if a fairly sure prosecution initially fails on a technicality or similar, the other cases can be proceeded with... i can’t say i’ve ever heard of that and i’d be minded to consider such antics the reason why we had double jeopardy before blair destroyed it. The reality surely is that the prosecution should put up each and every occurrence of an allegation at the same trial. It seems to me hard to understand what evidential complication outside of utter incompetence as evidenced by Freddy Patel or the twat who swabbed was it the Birmingham six or the Guildford Four should cause dismissal of all charges in a multiple charge count trial. My only background here is my postgrad course in being an expert witness but let me put this as a possibility. If a jury finds a rapist guilty of one act on a Monday, is not the ‘fairness in english law’ of a subsequent trial of the now convicted rapist for a similar offence against another person the following day at risk on the grounds tbe first verdict prejudices the mindset of the new trial jury …. If what you say is true — why do we have convicted prisoners being brought back into court for new trials on further charges, being found guilty and having extra time added to their sentences…? And double jeopardy has not been abandoned. Only if further evidence is found after an initial acquittal, and prosecutors want to charge the acquitted person again, and the evidence has to be reviewed and found to be compelling by appeal court judges, can someone be charged again for the crime…
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Post by steppenwolf on Oct 5, 2023 14:00:50 GMT
It's a reasonable idea but it can't be supported. 1. Sometimes the police publish the name of a suspect and encourage others to come forward if they have been victims. This can lead to false accusations, especially if the suspect is a rich celebrity, such as Rolf Harris. 2. People are entitled to have a fair trial, even people with previous convictions cannot have them mentioned in court, (exceptions, I know). Introducing similar complaints may prove a modus operandi, especially if it is a particularly unusual method. steppenwolf - you could explain how this is good for justice for rape victims AND fair to any suspect, who may be innocent. On point 2. I can see why previous convictions might be reasonably counted as a kind of character witness, but not accusations. On its own, an accusation means nothing at all. As I pointed out this principle has already been established when someone makes an accusation against a celebrity which, on its own, would never go to trial - because there is insufficient evidence to get a conviction. So the police publicise the accusation - a fishing expedition - to see if others have experienced similar treatment. If there are a significant number of people who have also been assaulted then it makes it easier to get a conviction. The simple fact is that in this type of crime it's almost always a case of one person's word against another. That's why so few cases go to trial and even fewer end up with a conviction. Some years ago I worked on a police computer system. We took the data that police had accumulated over the years and put it in a database which could be searched (like google). The police knew that most rapists are serial offenders but the sheer extent of it became apparent when they had a searchable database - rather than just a collection of notes made by police over many years. The data showed a pattern of offending where serial rapists were never charged because there was insufficient evidence. That was decades ago but it continues to this day. You can look at the police database and see who the rapists are. But each offence is taken on its own and never goes to court. My thoughts back then were that this is bloody stupid, and the police I worked with agreed. But it's still the same to this day. Yet some things have moved on. For example it's now possible for previous convictions to be given to the jury during the trial - and even if they aren't the jury can look them up on the internet, though they're told not to. It's a small step to provide information about previous convictions which the CPS didn't prosecute because, on their own, there would be little chance of conviction. When there's a long list of them where women have independently accused the same person I think that's worth telling the jury. The point is that something has got to CHANGE. If it doesn't rape will remain a crime that is rarely prosecuted.
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Post by Orac on Oct 5, 2023 14:13:54 GMT
On point 2. I can see why previous convictions might be reasonably counted as a kind of character witness, but not accusations. On its own, an accusation means nothing at all. As I pointed out this principle has already been established when someone makes an accusation against a celebrity which, on its own, would never go to trial - because there is insufficient evidence to get a conviction. So the police publicise the accusation - a fishing expedition - to see if others have experienced similar treatment. If there are a significant number of people who have also been assaulted then it makes it easier to get a conviction. The simple fact is that in this type of crime it's almost always a case of one person's word against another. That's why so few cases go to trial and even fewer end up with a conviction. Some years ago I worked on a police computer system. We took the data that police had accumulated over the years and put it in a database which could be searched (like google). The police knew that most rapists are serial offenders but the sheer extent of it became apparent when they had a searchable database - rather than just a collection of notes made by police over many years. The data showed a pattern of offending where serial rapists were never charged because there was insufficient evidence. That was decades ago but it continues to this day. You can look at the police database and see who the rapists are. But each offence is taken on its own and never goes to court. My thoughts back then were that this is bloody stupid, and the police I worked with agreed. But it's still the same to this day. Yet some things have moved on. For example it's now possible for previous convictions to be given to the jury during the trial - and even if they aren't the jury can look them up on the internet, though they're told not to. It's a small step to provide information about previous convictions which the CPS didn't prosecute because, on their own, there would be little chance of conviction. When there's a long list of them where women have independently accused the same person I think that's worth telling the jury. The point is that something has got to CHANGE. If it doesn't rape will remain a crime that is rarely prosecuted. I can't be sure what you are saying. Are you advocating or describing?..and are you talking about accusations or previous convictions? I would say there is world of difference between allowing a previous conviction for the same crime to sway a jury and allowing another accusation to do the same.
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Post by johnofgwent on Oct 5, 2023 14:22:16 GMT
i can’t say i’ve ever heard of that and i’d be minded to consider such antics the reason why we had double jeopardy before blair destroyed it. The reality surely is that the prosecution should put up each and every occurrence of an allegation at the same trial. It seems to me hard to understand what evidential complication outside of utter incompetence as evidenced by Freddy Patel or the twat who swabbed was it the Birmingham six or the Guildford Four should cause dismissal of all charges in a multiple charge count trial. My only background here is my postgrad course in being an expert witness but let me put this as a possibility. If a jury finds a rapist guilty of one act on a Monday, is not the ‘fairness in english law’ of a subsequent trial of the now convicted rapist for a similar offence against another person the following day at risk on the grounds tbe first verdict prejudices the mindset of the new trial jury …. If what you say is true — why do we have convicted prisoners being brought back into court for new trials on further charges, being found guilty and having extra time added to their sentences…? And double jeopardy has not been abandoned. Only if further evidence is found after an initial acquittal, and prosecutors want to charge the acquitted person again, and the evidence has to be reviewed and found to be compelling by appeal court judges, can someone be charged again for the crime… Hang on a minute Firstly, i think we have to distinguish between quite different scenarios. Lets say in the first, two victims of crime come forward within a short time of each other. each accuse separate similar crimes have been committed against them, on different days for the sake of argument. The Police Arrest and Charge the same person for both crimes The CPS assess the evidence and feel each has a similar chance of success. They pick one to take to court snd set the other aside. The court sees a first offender. In a separate scenario a separate force has similar allegations of a different nature and arrest and charge the same person for both but now the CPS takes both charges against the same msn at the sane time. Which is fairer and to whom ? I hear many cases of one accusation, one charge, one trial and in the ensuing quite legal post trial publicity more allegations further inquiry new charges and a new trial for those new charges I see no trouble with that. I only see issues where known charges with CPS predictions of succss are set aside
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Post by steppenwolf on Oct 6, 2023 6:49:16 GMT
As I pointed out this principle has already been established when someone makes an accusation against a celebrity which, on its own, would never go to trial - because there is insufficient evidence to get a conviction. So the police publicise the accusation - a fishing expedition - to see if others have experienced similar treatment. If there are a significant number of people who have also been assaulted then it makes it easier to get a conviction. The simple fact is that in this type of crime it's almost always a case of one person's word against another. That's why so few cases go to trial and even fewer end up with a conviction. Some years ago I worked on a police computer system. We took the data that police had accumulated over the years and put it in a database which could be searched (like google). The police knew that most rapists are serial offenders but the sheer extent of it became apparent when they had a searchable database - rather than just a collection of notes made by police over many years. The data showed a pattern of offending where serial rapists were never charged because there was insufficient evidence. That was decades ago but it continues to this day. You can look at the police database and see who the rapists are. But each offence is taken on its own and never goes to court. My thoughts back then were that this is bloody stupid, and the police I worked with agreed. But it's still the same to this day. Yet some things have moved on. For example it's now possible for previous convictions to be given to the jury during the trial - and even if they aren't the jury can look them up on the internet, though they're told not to. It's a small step to provide information about previous convictions which the CPS didn't prosecute because, on their own, there would be little chance of conviction. When there's a long list of them where women have independently accused the same person I think that's worth telling the jury. The point is that something has got to CHANGE. If it doesn't rape will remain a crime that is rarely prosecuted. I can't be sure what you are saying. Are you advocating or describing?..and are you talking about accusations or previous convictions? I would say there is world of difference between allowing a previous conviction for the same crime to sway a jury and allowing another accusation to do the same. I'm talking about accusations - that's the whole point. The judge can already reveal previous convictions to the jury. The point is that the principle of allowing previous accusations to be revealed is already established in the case of celebrities being accused of rape. The police deliberately reveal the details of an accusation of rape in the hope of getting more people to come forward with further accusations - which will obviously be known to the jury if the CPS choose to prosecute. It's only in the case of rapists who are not well known that they have the luxury of keeping previous allegations quiet. But they're a little more than accusations. They previous offences will usually have been investigated by the police and regarded as credible, but been turned down by the CPS on the grounds that it might be hard to get a prosecution. That's the problem with rape - no independent witnesses. My contention is that if you have a person has been accused of rape by many women independently then that's information that should be given to the jury. The balance is tilted too far in the favour of the offender as is shown by the fact that less than 2% of rapes result in conviction. I don't think that anyone would argue that 98% of the women are lairs.
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Post by Orac on Oct 6, 2023 7:27:46 GMT
I can't be sure what you are saying. Are you advocating or describing?..and are you talking about accusations or previous convictions? I would say there is world of difference between allowing a previous conviction for the same crime to sway a jury and allowing another accusation to do the same. I'm talking about accusations - that's the whole point. The judge can already reveal previous convictions to the jury. The point is that the principle of allowing previous accusations to be revealed is already established in the case of celebrities being accused of rape. The police deliberately reveal the details of an accusation of rape in the hope of getting more people to come forward with further accusations - which will obviously be known to the jury if the CPS choose to prosecute. It's only in the case of rapists who are not well known that they have the luxury of keeping previous allegations quiet. But they're a little more than accusations. They previous offences will usually have been investigated by the police and regarded as credible, but been turned down by the CPS on the grounds that it might be hard to get a prosecution. That's the problem with rape - no independent witnesses. My contention is that if you have a person has been accused of rape by many women independently then that's information that should be given to the jury. The balance is tilted too far in the favour of the offender as is shown by the fact that less than 2% of rapes result in conviction. I don't think that anyone would argue that 98% of the women are lairs. I think most people would say, although it clearly does work somewhat like that for celebrities now, it shouldn't. That a jury theoretically shouldn't count unconfirmed mimetic rumours about a person as any level of evidence. The reason it happens with celebrities is because everyone 'knows' them and many people have various potential interests connected with them and the jury can't realistically be sealed from the conversation. I think celebrity + social media is a real problem for our system of justice. A 3rd of a jury might have some personal interest in the outcome because of the celebrity of the accused. Perhaps it is even arguable that celebrities should not be tried by jury. Anecdotally i hear that about 50% of rape accusations taken to the police are trivially ascertained as false - that is, it is completely obvious they are false. This doesn't , of course, amount to a claim that 50% of women are liars. The often unconfirmable nature of rape is a double edged sword, it allows rapists to escape justice but it also encourages false accusations. If you come to the police with a false allegation of murder, you would at least need a missing person and a substantial reason to suspect your target, but with rape, it will be expected that you have little but a personal account. The 2% figure is obviously low, but i don't think you can take the attitude that it needs to be raised by any means necessary without making a mockery of the process
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Post by steppenwolf on Oct 6, 2023 8:09:39 GMT
It's not really a matter of raising the conviction rate "by any means necessary". It's simply a matter of presenting the jury with information that is, IMO, relevant. If someone has repeatedly and credibly been accused of rape by different people then I think it's a good indication that he's a rapist. It should be a bit like, say, 3 strikes and you're out. A man could be accused of a certain number of rapes which are never taken to trial because the CPS decides that they wouldn't get a conviction. But when he exceeds that number he should be prosecuted - and with the certain knowledge that his previous record of accusations would be put before the jury.
It wouldn't by any means mean a certain conviction - juries are very careful about giving a guilty verdict in my experience - but it would at least concentrate the mind of the defendant and make him more careful about committing further offences. At the moment there are serial rapists out there who just laugh at the law. They know it will take no action. BTW, in the case of Noel Clarke over 20 people came forward claiming assault but the CPS still didn't prosecute - but the industry made up their own minds about him and it effectively destroyed his career.
But something has to change. If we don't seek radical solutions the situation will remain the same - or maybe get worse - and our politicians will still be mouthing empty words about cracking down on this type of crime, while doing nothing.
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Post by Orac on Oct 6, 2023 8:23:10 GMT
It's not really a matter of raising the conviction rate "by any means necessary". It's simply a matter of presenting the jury with information that is, IMO, relevant. If someone has repeatedly and credibly been accused of rape by different people then I think it's a good indication that he's a rapist. It should be a bit like, say, 3 strikes and you're out. A man could be accused of a certain number of rapes which are never taken to trial because the CPS decides that they wouldn't get a conviction. But when he exceeds that number he should be prosecuted - and with the certain knowledge that his previous record of accusations would be put before the jury. It wouldn't by any means mean a certain conviction - juries are very careful about giving a guilty verdict in my experience - but it would at least concentrate the mind of the defendant and make him more careful about committing further offences. At the moment there are serial rapists out there who just laugh at the law. They know it will take no action. But something has to change. If we don't seek radical solutions the situation will remain the same - or maybe get worse - and our politicians will still be mouthing empty words about cracking down on this type of crime, while doing nothing. I think my objection stands. Something that is uncertain is not made any more certain (qualified or verified) by simply adding something else that is equally uncertain. I may have used hyperbole - ie "by any means necessary" - but it does seem to me that you are lowering an accepted evidence standard in order to raise the conviction rate regardless / independently of actual guilt.
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Post by steppenwolf on Oct 6, 2023 12:46:38 GMT
We'll have to agree to disagree, but I think it's pretty obvious to most people that if someone has been accused of something many times before it's more likely that he's done it again. If a person is repeatedly accused or rape by different people I'd say it's a material fact the jury should be told. It's a basic fact that most crime is committed by a small number of people while most people are law abiding. Providing the jury with the data concerning previous accusations/convictions of rape is as likely to prevent the conviction of innocent defendants as it is to result in the conviction of the innocent. The recent release of Malkinson after 17 years in jail for a crime he didn't commit is an example of someone who probably wouldn't have been convicted (on flimsy evidence) if the jury had been told his previous criminal record (which was pretty inconsequential).
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Post by Orac on Oct 6, 2023 13:00:02 GMT
We'll have to agree to disagree, but I think it's pretty obvious to most people that if someone has been accused of something many times before it's more likely that he's done it again. If a person is repeatedly accused or rape by different people I'd say it's a material fact the jury should be told. It's a basic fact that most crime is committed by a small number of people while most people are law abiding. Providing the jury with the data concerning previous accusations/convictions of rape is as likely to prevent the conviction of innocent defendants as it is to result in the conviction of the innocent. The recent release of Malkinson after 17 years in jail for a crime he didn't commit is an example of someone who probably wouldn't have been convicted (on flimsy evidence) if the jury had been told his previous criminal record (which was pretty inconsequential). It might be pretty obvious to many people, but they are making the assumption that the allegations are in good faith and not an attempt game the system (it's a good conclusion if this is the case). However, if the system requires two additional unproven allegations to verify the first unproven allegation, then an interest may arise in providing those additional allegations. The thing about hard evidence is that it hard to produce in the absence of fact. - which is why it is the standard. I think we are going to have to agree to disagree.
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Post by The Squeezed Middle on Oct 6, 2023 13:59:59 GMT
This is just a long-winded statement of the obvious SRB - with an added bit of victim blaming for good measure. Did you even read my OP? My point is that most crime is committed by a small number of people and it's the same with rape. Most rapists are serial rapists and the police know this because they have records of previous accusations against certain people. The problem is that they can't present these previous accusations in court. Yet in the case of a celebrity it seems to be accepted by the police that putting the name of the celebrity in the press and waiting for accusations from other victims is a good way of getting a conviction - after all it's worked in many cases, like Weinstein. So how is it different in principle to present the court with a number of previous rape accusations against a defendant? None of the individual cases on their own may prove beyond reasonable doubt that a man is a rapist, but if, say, 5 other people have independently accused a defendant of rape I'd say that makes a far stronger case. But under current law a rapist can commit loads of rapes in the certain knowledge that each one has to be judged separately - so the CPS will probably never bring any of them to court because it's just a case of one person's word against another. It's ridiculous. It's a complex area of law but I'm not sure that's right.
I know of a case going through court right now whereby neither allegation would be likely to result in a charge, let alone a conviction, on its own however the fact that two women (unknown to each other) have made similar allegations vs the same man, less than a month apart, is being allowed as evidence. And rightly so.
Also, I'm pretty sure that some legislation resulted from the Ian Huntley case since he was subject of multiple unproved allegations prior to the crimes which saw him incarcerated.
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Post by steppenwolf on Oct 7, 2023 7:34:55 GMT
This is just a long-winded statement of the obvious SRB - with an added bit of victim blaming for good measure. Did you even read my OP? My point is that most crime is committed by a small number of people and it's the same with rape. Most rapists are serial rapists and the police know this because they have records of previous accusations against certain people. The problem is that they can't present these previous accusations in court. Yet in the case of a celebrity it seems to be accepted by the police that putting the name of the celebrity in the press and waiting for accusations from other victims is a good way of getting a conviction - after all it's worked in many cases, like Weinstein. So how is it different in principle to present the court with a number of previous rape accusations against a defendant? None of the individual cases on their own may prove beyond reasonable doubt that a man is a rapist, but if, say, 5 other people have independently accused a defendant of rape I'd say that makes a far stronger case. But under current law a rapist can commit loads of rapes in the certain knowledge that each one has to be judged separately - so the CPS will probably never bring any of them to court because it's just a case of one person's word against another. It's ridiculous. It's a complex area of law but I'm not sure that's right.
I know of a case going through court right now whereby neither allegation would be likely to result in a charge, let alone a conviction, on its own however the fact that two women (unknown to each other) have made similar allegations vs the same man, less than a month apart, is being allowed as evidence. And rightly so.
Also, I'm pretty sure that some legislation resulted from the Ian Huntley case since he was subject of multiple unproved allegations prior to the crimes which saw him incarcerated.
If that's true TSM, then that's exactly what I'm arguing for. I've never heard of that happening though. It seems to me just common sense. The law does seem very unclear in this area of previous convictions and multiple accusations etc. I've been on several juries and in some cases the judge reveals previous convictions but usually not. Trying two (or more) separate allegations against one defendant is a new one to me - but that's roughly what I'm arguing for. I know that in the case of the muslim gang rapes (where multiple rapists had raped hundreds of girls) what the police always did was selected ONE girl - who was in their opinion the best hope of getting a conviction - and charge multiple defendants. So the girl was always on her own and being cross examined by all the councils for defence. It's no wonder they didn't often get convictions. If they'd used multiple girls that might have worked better but they never did it AFAIK.
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